Quality Assurance (QA)

1. What is Quality Assurance (QA)?

   • Answer: Quality Assurance (QA) is a systematic process of ensuring that products or services meet specified requirements before they are delivered to customers. QA focuses on preventing defects by improving the processes used to create the products.

2. What are the key activities involved in QA?

   • Answer: Key activities in QA include process definition and implementation, auditing, training, process improvement, and documentation. It involves creating standards and guidelines to ensure consistent quality.

3. What is the difference between QA and QC?

   • Answer: QA is process-oriented and focuses on preventing defects by improving processes, while QC is product-oriented and focuses on identifying defects in finished products.

4. What is a QA plan?

   • Answer: A QA plan is a document that outlines the processes, procedures, and responsibilities for achieving quality objectives. It includes details on the scope of work, standards, testing methods, and quality metrics.

5. Why is documentation important in QA?

   • Answer: Documentation is crucial in QA as it provides a record of processes, standards, and test results. It ensures consistency, facilitates training, and serves as evidence of compliance with quality standards.

Quality Control (QC)

1. What is Quality Control (QC)?

   • Answer: Quality Control (QC) is the process of inspecting and testing products to ensure they meet specified quality standards. QC involves identifying and correcting defects in the final products.

2. What are the common QC methods?

   • Answer: Common QC methods include inspection, testing, statistical process control, and sampling. These methods help identify defects and ensure product quality.

3. What is the role of a QC inspector?

   • Answer: A QC inspector's role is to examine products, materials, and processes to ensure they meet quality standards. They use various tools and techniques to identify defects and report findings to the appropriate personnel.

4. What is a control chart?

   • Answer: A control chart is a graphical tool used in QC to monitor process stability and variability over time. It helps identify trends, shifts, or any unusual patterns that may indicate problems in the process.

5. What are the benefits of implementing QC?

   • Answer: Benefits of QC include improved product quality, reduced waste and rework, increased customer satisfaction, and compliance with regulatory standards. It helps in maintaining a consistent level of quality in the products.

General QA/QC

1. Why are QA and QC important in manufacturing?

   • Answer: QA and QC are essential in manufacturing to ensure that products meet customer expectations and regulatory requirements. They help in reducing defects, minimizing costs, and enhancing overall product quality and reliability.

2. What is the role of ISO standards in QA/QC?

   • Answer: ISO standards provide a framework for quality management systems. They help organizations ensure consistent product quality, improve efficiency, and meet regulatory and customer requirements.

3. What is Six Sigma?

   • Answer: Six Sigma is a data-driven methodology aimed at improving quality by identifying and eliminating defects in processes. It uses statistical tools and techniques to achieve near-perfect quality levels.

4. How do you implement a QA/QC program?

   • Answer: Implementing a QA/QC program involves defining quality standards, creating detailed process documentation, training staff, conducting regular audits and inspections, and continuously monitoring and improving processes.

5. What are corrective and preventive actions (CAPA)?

   • Answer: Corrective actions are steps taken to eliminate the causes of existing defects or non-conformities, while preventive actions are steps taken to eliminate the causes of potential defects or non-conformities. Both are essential for continuous improvement in QA/QC.